Which of the following is the type of tax associated with Social Security and Medicare?

The tax associated with Social Security and Medicare is classified as an employment tax. This type of tax is specifically levied on employers and employees to fund these social insurance programs, which provide benefits to retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers. Employment taxes are deducted from an employee's wages and match contributions made by employers.

Income tax primarily relates to taxation on individual or corporate earnings, which is distinct from the specific social contributions required for Social Security and Medicare. Estate tax pertains to the taxation of an individual's estate upon their death, while capital gains tax concerns the taxation of profits from the sale of assets or investments. Understanding the distinctions among these tax categories is crucial for grasping how various taxes contribute to federal funding, particularly for social programs.